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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61643-31
NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE n o r m
May 2019
ICS 29.240; 29.240.10
Supersedes EN 50539-11:2013
English Version
Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 31: Requirements
and test methods for SPDs for photovoltaic installations
(IEC 61643-31:2018 , modified)
Parafoudres basse tension - Partie 31: Parafoudres pour
usage specifique y compris en courant continu - Exigences
et methodes d'essai des parafoudres pour installations
photovoltaiques
(IEC 61643-31:2018 , modifiee)
Uberspannungsschutzgerate fur Niederspannung - Teil 31:
Anforderungen und Prufungen fur
Uberspannungsschutzgerate in Photovoltaik-Installationen
(IEC 61643-31:2018 , modifiziert)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-02-14. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europaisches Komitee fur Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 61643-31:2019 E
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 37A/306/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61643-31, prepared by SC 37A: “Low-voltage
surge protective devices”, of IEC/TC 37: “Surge arresters” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote
and approved by CENELEC as EN 61643-31:2019.
A draft amendment, which covers common modifications to IEC 61643-31, was prepared by CLC/TC 37A
"Low-voltage surge protective devices" and approved by CENELEC.
The following dates are fixed:
•
latest date by which this document (dop) 2019-11-03
has to be implemented at national
level by publication of an identical
national standard or by
endorsement
•
latest date by which the national (dow) 2022-05-03
standards conflicting with this
document have to be withdrawn
EN 61643-31:2019 supersedes EN 50539-11:2013.
Clauses, subclauses, notes, tables, figures and annexes which are additional to those in IEC 61643-31:2019
are prefixed “Z”.
EN 61643-31:2019 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 50539-11:2013: It
includes also guidance for verification of conformity for products already tested according
EN 50539-11:2013.
The main changes with respect of EN 50539-11:2013 are the complete restructuring and improvement of the
test procedures and test sequences.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this
document.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61643:2018 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard
with agreed common modifications.
2
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
COMMON MODIFICATIONS
Modify as follows:
Through the
complete
document:
Foreword
Introduction
Scope
3.1.19
5.3
6.5
Replace all IEC 61643 references by EN 61643
Replace all IEC references by EN when relevant standard is listed in either the
Normative reference or in the Bibliography sections.
Add to the Foreword the following:
This standard covers the principle elements and objectives for electrical equipment
designed for use within certain voltage limits (LVD - 2014/35/EU) and for
electromagnetic compatibility (EMCD - 2014/30/EU).
Delete the last sentence in the Introduction.
Modify the 5th paragraph to read:
SPDs with separate input and output terminal(s) that contain specific series impedance
between these terminal(s) (so called two-port SPDs according to EN 61643-11) are not
covered. As test class III in EN 61643-11 was primarily developed to cover two-port
SPDs, SPDs tested according to this test class are not intended to be used in PV-
systems.
Add the following note:
NOTE EN 62475 provides the current impulse definitions of front time, time to half values and waveshape.
Replace 5.3 by the following:
Types 1 and 2 SPDs- Class I and II tests
Information required for class I and class II tests is given in Table Z1.
Table Z1 - Tests of types 1 and 2 SPDs
Type of SPD
Tests
Required information
Type 1
Class I
Iimp
Type 2
Class II
In
Add new requirement:
6.5.4 Vibration and shock
Information on vibration and shock tests for transportation and special applications can
be found in Annex ZB of EN 61643-11.
3
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
7.4.4.2.2
Replace:
in less than 60 s when PV4 with /s c pv or DC3 with 2,7 times /s c pv is applied. During the
tests when DC3 with 2,7 times /s c pv is applied, the fuse for detection shall not operate;
in less than 5 min when DC3 with a prospective short-circuit current of equal to /s c pv is
applied.
by:
in less than 20 s when PV4 with /s c pv or DC3 with 2,7 times /s c pv is applied. During the
tests when DC3 with 2,7 times /s c pv is applied, the fuse for detection shall not operate;
in less than 1 min when DC3 with a prospective short-circuit current of equal to /s c pv is
applied.
7.4.4.3.2
Replace:
In less than 60 s during the test when PV4 with a prospective short-circuit current of
/s c pv is applied;
by:
In less than 20 s during the test when PV4 with a prospective short-circuit current of
/s c pv is applied;
Annex ZA
Add Annex ZA (See annexes)
Annex ZB
Add Annex ZB (See annexes)
Annex ZZ
Add Annex ZZ (See annexes)
Bibliography
Modify Bibliography (See Annexes)
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
Add the following annexes:
Annex ZA
(informative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication
Year
Title
EN/HD
Year
IEC 60060-1
2010
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General
definitions and test requirements
EN 60060-1
2010
IEC 60112
2003
Method for the determination of the proof and
the comparative tracking indices of solid
insulating materials
EN 60112
2003
IEC 60529
1989
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
(IP Code)
EN 60529
1991
IEC 60664-1
2007
Insulation coordination for equipment within
low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles,
requirements and tests
EN 60664-1
2007
IEC 61000
series
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
EN 61000
series
IEC 61000-6-1
2005
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1:
Generic standards - Immunity for residential,
commercial and light-industrial environments
EN 61000-6-1
2007
IEC 61000-6-3
2006
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3:
Generic standards - Emission standard for
residential, commercial and light-industrial
environments
EN 61000-6-3
2007
IEC 60068-2-78
2012
Environmental testing - Part 2-78: Tests - Test
Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN 60068-2-78
2013
IEC 61180-1
1992
High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage
equipment - Part 1: Definitions, test and
procedure requirements
EN 61180-1
1994
IEC 60364-5-51
-
Electrical installation of buildings - Part 5-51:
Selection and erection of electrical equipment;
HD 60364-5-51
2009
Common rules
5
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
IEC 61643-11
2011 Low-voltage surge protective devices -Part 11: EN 61643-11
2012
Surge protective devices connected to low-
voltage power systems -Requirements and test+ A11
2018
methods
IEC 62475
-
High-current test techniques - Definitions and EN 62475
2010
requirements for test currents and measuring
systems
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
Annex ZB
(normative)
Reduced test procedure
This annex addresses the number of samples to be submitted and test sequence to be applied for
verification of conformity for products already tested according EN 50539-11:2013.
The simplified test procedure according to Table ZB.1 may then be applied for verification of
conformity.
For new products complete type tests and samples according to Clause 7 are required.
Table ZB.1 - Simplified test procedure for SPDs already complying with EN 50539-11
Test
sequence
Test description
Subclause
Testing required
1
Identification and marking
6.1.1 / 6.1.2 / 7.2
Yesa
Mounting
6.3.1
No
Terminals and connections
6.3.2 / 6.3.3
No
Testing for protection against direct contact
6.2.1
Yesb
Environment, IP code
6.4
No
Residual current
6.2.2 / 7.4.1
No
Continuous current
6.2.8 / 7.4.6
Yes
Operating duty test
6.2.4 / 7.4.2
No
Operating duty test for test classes I and II
7.2.3.2/7.4.2.3/
7.4.2.4
No
Additional duty test for test class I
7.4.2.5
No
Thermal stability
6.2.5.3 / 7.4.3.2
Yes
Air clearances and creepage distances
6.6.3.4 / 7.5.1
No
Ball pressure test
6.4
No
Resistance to abnormal heat and fire
6.4
No
Tracking resistance
6.4
No
2
Voltage Protection level
6.2.3
No
3
____3 a__
3b
Insulation resistance
6.2.6
No
Dielectric withstand
See below ¦ only if applicable
Mechanical strength
6.2.7 / 7.4.5
6.3.5
No
No
Temperature withstand
See below ¦ only if applicable
6.2.5 / 7.4.3.1
No
4
Heat resistance
6.4
No
5C
SPD failure mode test
6.2.5.4 / 7.4.4
Yesd
6
Live test under damp heat
7.6.1
No
7
Total discharge current test for multipole SPDs
6.2.9
No
Additional tests for one-port-SPDs with separate input / output terminals
3b
Rated load current
6.5.1 / 7.7.1.1
No
Additional tests for outdoor use SPDs
8
Environmental tests for outdoor SPDs
6.5.2 / 7.7.2
No
Additional tests for SPDs with separate isolated circuits
3a
Isolation between separate circuits
6.5.3 / 7.4.5
No
a This is related to 6.1.1 only.
b This is related to SPDs having a Uc pv equal to or below 120 V only.
c For this test sequence more than one set of samples may be needed.
d This is related to combination SPDs only (no additional test for other types of SPDs).
7
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Relationship between this European standard and the safety objectives of Directive
2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96] aimed to be covered
This European standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardisation request relating to
harmonised standards in the field of the Low Voltage Directive, M/511, to provide one voluntary means of
conforming to safety objectives of Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26
February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the
market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits [2014 OJ L96].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance
with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZZ.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this
standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding safety objectives of that Directive, and
associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZZ.1 - Correspondence between this European standard and Annex I of Directive 2014/35/EU
[2014 OJ L96]
Safety objectives of Directive
2014/35/EU
Clause(s) / sub-clause(s)
of this EN
Remarks / Notes
(1)(a)
Clauses 6.1,6.3.1
Clause 7.3
(1)(b)
Clause 6.1
(1)(c)
Clauses 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and refer to 2a)
to 2d) below and 3a) to 3c) below
(2)(a)
Clause 5.5, 6.2.1,6.2.2
Clause 7.1,7.2, 7.4.1,7.2.1 table 5
and table 4 pass criteria c, e, h, I, j,
and clause 8
(2)(b)
Clauses 6.5.1,6.2.5.3, 6.2.5, 6.2.4,
6.5.1
Clauses 7.1,7.2, 7.4.2, 7.4.3.2,
7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.7.1, 8
(2) (c)
Clauses 6.4.3.1,6.4.3.2
Clause 8
(2)(d)
Clauses 6.3.4, 6.2.6, 6.2.7, 6.5.2
Clauses 7.1,7.2, 7.5.1,7.5.2, 7.4.5,
7.7.2, 8
(3)(a)
Clause 6.3.5
Clause 7.1,7.2, 8
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
(3)(b)
Clauses 6.4.2, 6.4.1,6.5.2
Clauses 7.1,7.2, 7.6.1,7.6.2, 7.7.2,
8
Clause 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.3.5.1
(3)(c)
Clauses 6.2.5
Clauses 7.1,7.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 8
WARNING 1: Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European standard is
maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should
consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2: Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this
standard.
9
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
Bibliography
For the following references,
Replace:
IEC 60950:1991, Information technology equipment-Safety
by:
EN 60950-1, Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60950-1)
Replace:
ISO 4892-2, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 4892-1, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance
ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size
of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
by:
EN ISO 4892-2, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
(ISO 4892-2)
EN ISO 4892-1:2000, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance
(ISO 4892-1)
EN ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
(ISO 4628-3)
Add the following references:
EN 50521:2008, Connectors for photovoltaic systems - Safety requirements and tests
EN 60068-2-11:1999, Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Ka: Salt mist (IEC 60068-2-11:1981)
EN 60068-2-14:2009, Environmental testing - Part 2-14: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature
(IEC 60068-2-14:2009)
EN 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing - Part 2-30: Tests - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005)
EN 60099-4:2004, Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
(IEC 60099-4:2004, mod.)
EN 60112:2003, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of solid
insulating materials (IEC 60112:2003)
EN 60228: 2005, Conductors of insulated cables (IEC 60228: 2004)
EN 60947-1:2007, Low voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules (IEC 60947-1:2007)
EN 61643-31:2019 (E)
EN 60947-5-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)
EN 60999-1:2000, Connecting devices - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type
and screwless-type clamping units - Part 1: General requirements and particular requirements for clamping
units for conductors from 0,2 mm2 up to 35 mm2 (included) (IEC 60999-1:1999)
EN 60695-2-11:2001 1), Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot wire based test methods - Glow-wire
flammability test method for end-product (IEC 60695-2-11:2000)
EN 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning (IEC 62305 (all parts))
HD 21 (all parts), Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V
(IEC 60227 (all parts), mod.)
HD 60364-4-443:2001, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection
against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances - Clause 443: Protection against
overvoltages of atmospheric origin or due to switching (IEC 60364-4-44:2001/A1:2003, mod.)
HD 60364-5-51:2009, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-51: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Common rules (IEC 60364-5-51:2005, mod.)
HD 60364-5-534:2008, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Isolation, switching and control - Clause 534: Devices for protection against overvoltages
(IEC 60364-5-53:2001/A1:2002 (CLAUSE 534), mod.)
IEC 60245 (all parts), Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V
UTE C 61-740-51, Juin 2009, Parafoudres basse tension - Partie -51: Parafoudres connectes aux
installations de generateurs photovoltafques - Exigences et essays
EN 61643-32:2016, Low-voltage surge protective devices - Surge protective devices for specific use
including d.c.- Part 32: Selection and application principles - SPDs connected to photovoltaic installations
1) Superseded by EN 60695-2-11:2014 (IEC 60695-2-11:2014).
11
IEC 61643-31
Edition 1.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
¦
colour
inside
Low-voltage surge protective devices -
Part 31: Requirements and test methods for SPDs for photovoltaic installations
Parafoudres basse tension -
Partie 31: Parafoudres pour usage specifique ó compris en courant continu -
Exigences et methodes d'essai des parafoudres pour installations
photovoltai'ques
-2-
²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD........................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 7
1
Scope...............................................................................................................................8
2
Normative references...................................................................................................... 8
3
Terms, definitions, acronyms and symbols.......................................................................9
3.1
Terms and definitions.............................................................................................. 9
3.2
Acronyms I Symbols..............................................................................................16
4
Service conditions..........................................................................................................17
4.1
Voltage..................................................................................................................17
4.2
Air pressure and altitude........................................................................................17
4.3
Temperatures........................................................................................................17
4.4
Humidity................................................................................................................18
5
Classification..................................................................................................................18
5.1
General..................................................................................................................18
5.2
SPD design............................................................................................................18
5.3
Class I, II and III tests............................................................................................18
5.4
Location.................................................................................................................18
5.4.1
Indoor.............................................................................................................18
5.4.2
Outdoor..........................................................................................................18
5.5
Accessibility...........................................................................................................18
5.5.1
Accessible......................................................................................................18
5.5.2
Inaccessible...................................................................................................18
5.6
Disconnectors (including overcurrent protection)....................................................18
5.7
Degree of protection provided by enclosures according to IP-code of
IEC 60529............................................................................................................ 19
5.8
Temperature and humidity range............................................................................19
5.9
Multipole SPD........................................................................................................19
5.10
SPD failure mode...................................................................................................19
5.11
PV earthing system.................................................................................................19
6
Requirements.................................................................................................................19
6.1
General requirements..........................................................................................19
6.1.1
Identification................................................................................................. 19
6.1.2
Marking......................................................................................................... 21
6.2
Electrical requirements........................................................................................ 21
6.2.1
Protection against direct contact.................................................................... 21
6.2.2
Residual current/ÐÅ..................................................................................... 21
6-2-3
Voltage protection level t/p............................................................................. 21
6.2.4
Operating duty............................................................................................... 21
6.2.5
Disconnectors and status indicators............................................................... 22
6.2.6
Insulation resistance...................................................................................... 23
6.2.7
Dielectric withstand....................................................................................... 23
6.2.8
Continuous current/CPV............................................................................... 23
6.2.9
Total discharge current/Total (for multipole SPDs)........................................ 23
6.3
Mechanical requirements...................................................................................... 23
6.3.1
Mounting....................................................................................................... 23
6.3.2
Screws, current carrying parts and connections............................................. 23
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-3-
6.3.3
External connections..................................................................................... 23
6.3.4
Air clearances and creepage distances.......................................................... 24
6.3.5
Mechanical strength....................................................................................... 24
6.4
Environmental and material requirements............................................................. 24
6.4.1
General......................................................................................................... 24
6.4.2
Life test under damp heat...............................................................................24
6.4.3
Electromagnetic compatibility........................................................................ 24
6.5
Additional requirements for specific SPD designs................................................. 25
6.5.1
One-port SPDs with separate input/output terminals - Rated load
current IL....................................................................................................... 25
6.5.2
Environmental tests for outdoor SPDs........................................................... 25
6.5.3
SPDs with separate isolated circuits.............................................................. 25
6.6
Additional parameter if declared by the manufacturer - Maximum discharge
current/max......................................................................................................... 25
7
Type tests....................................................................................................................25
7.1
General................................................................................................................. 25
7.2
Testing procedures............................................................................................... 26
7.2.1
General......................................................................................................... 26
7.2.2
Test impulses................................................................................................ 30
7.2.3
Characteristics of power sources for testing....................................................30
7.3
Indelibility of markings.......................................................................................... 32
7.4
Electrical tests...................................................................................................... 32
7.4.1
Residual current/ÐÅ..................................................................................... 32
7.4.2
Operating duty test........................................................................................ 33
7.4.3
Disconnectors and safety performance of overstressed SPDs........................ 37
7.4.4
SPD failure mode behaviour test................................................................... 38
7.4.5
Dielectric withstand....................................................................................... 41
7.4.6
Continuous current/CPV............................................................................... 42
7.5
Mechanical tests................................................................................................... 42
7.5.1
Verification of air clearances and creepage distances.................................... 42
7.5.2
Pass criteria.................................................................................................. 42
7.6
Environmental and material tests.......................................................................... 45
7.6.1
Life test under damp heat.............................................................................. 45
7.6.2
Pass criteria.................................................................................................. 45
7.7
Additional tests for specific SPD designs.............................................................. 46
7.7.1
Test for one-port SPDs with separate input/output terminals.......................... 46
7.7.2
Environmental tests for outdoor SPDs........................................................... 46
7.7.3
SPDs with separate isolated circuits.............................................................. 46
8
Routine and acceptance tests........................................................................................ 46
8.1
Routine tests........................................................................................................ 46
8.2
Acceptance tests.................................................................................................47
Annex A (normative) Tests to determine the presence of a voltage-switching
component and the magnitude of the follow current of an SPD.............................48
A.1 General................................................................................................................. 48
A.2
Test to determine the presence of a voltage-switching component.........................48
A. 3
Test to determine the magnitude of the follow current............................................48
Annex  (informative) Transient behaviour of the PV test source......................................... 49
B. 1
Transient behaviour of the PV test source according to 7.2.3.1 ..............................49
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
B.2 Test setup using a semiconductor switch to determine the transient
behaviour of a PV test source................................................................. 49
B.3 Alternative test setup using a fuse........................................................................ 50
Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 1 - l/U characteristics.............................................................................................. 31
Figure 2 - Flow chart of the operating duty test.................................................................... 33
Figure 3 - Example of test setup for operating duty test....................................................... 34
Figure 4 - Operating duty test timing diagram for test classes I and II................................. 35
Figure 5 - Additional duty test timing diagram for test class I...............................................36
Figure 6 - Operating duty test timing diagram for test class III............................................. 36
Figure 7 - Example of sample preparation for SPD failure mode behaviour test.................... 39
Figure B.1 - Test setup using an adjustable semiconductor switch to determine the
transient behaviour of a PV test source................................................................................. 49
Figure B.2 - Time behaviour of voltage and current during disconnection operating
time of a semiconductor switch at a PV-source /SC = 4 A, open-circuit voltage = 640 V.......49
Figure B.3 - Semiconductor disconnection behaviour (normalized) with intersection
point i(t) I u(t)........................................................................................................................ 50
Figure B.4 - l/U-characteristic of the PV test source calculated from the normalized
current and voltage records in Figure B.3............................................................................. 50
Figure B.5 - Test setup using a fuse to determine the transient behaviour of a PV test
source.................................................................................................................................. 51
Figure B.6 - Normalized disconnection behaviour during operation of a fuse rated
0,1 x /SCPV at a PV test source with intersection point i(t) and u(t)...................................... 51
Figure B.7 - l/U-characteristic of the PV test source calculated from the normalized
current and voltage records in Figure B.6............................................................................. 52
Table 1 - List of acronyms and symbols................................................................................17
Table 2 - Compliant termination and connection methods..................................................... 24
Table 3 - Environmental and material requirements.............................................................. 24
Table 4 - Type test requirements for SPDs..........................................................................28
Table 5 - Common pass criteria for type tests..................................................................... 29
Table 6 - Specific power source characteristics for operating duty tests............................... 31
Table 7 - Specific power source characteristics for failure mode tests.................................. 32
Table 8 - Dielectric withstand............................................................................................... 41
Table 9 - Air clearances for SPDs........................................................................................ 43
Table 10 - Creepage distances for SPDs.............................................................................. 44
Table 11 - Relationship between material groups and classifications.................................... 45
Table 12 - Test conductors for rated load current test.......................................................... 46
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-5-
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
LOW-VOLTAGE SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES -
Part 31: Requirements and test methods
for SPDs for photovoltaic installations
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non­
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61643-31 has been prepared by subcommittee 37A: Low-voltage
surge protective devices, of IEC technical committee 37: Surge arresters.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS
Report on voting
37A/306/FDIS
37A/310/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
-6-
²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
A list of all parts of the IEC 61643 series can be found, under the general title Low-voltage
surge protective devices, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
•
reconfirmed,
•
withdrawn,
•
replaced by a revised edition, or
•
amended.
IMPORTANT - The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-7-
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 61643 addresses safety and performance tests for surge protective devices
(SPDs) to be installed on the DC side of photovoltaic installations to protect against induced
and direct lightning effects.
There are three classes of tests:
1) The Class I test is intended to simulate partial conducted lightning current impulses. SPDs
subjected to Class I test methods are generally recommended for locations at points of
high exposure, e.g., line entrances to buildings protected by lightning protection systems.
2) SPDs tested to Class II or Class III test methods are subjected to impulses of shorter
duration.
3) SPDs are tested on a “black box” basis as far as possible.
Tests take into account that photovoltaic generators:
•
behave like current generators,
•
that their output current depends on the incident light intensity and temperature,
•
that their short-circuit current is slightly higher than the operating output current,
•
are connected in series and/or parallel combinations leading to a great variety of voltages,
currents and powers from a few hundreds of W (in residential installations) to several MW
(photovoltaic fields).
The specific electrical parameters of PV installations on the DC side require specific test
requirements for SPDs.
IEC 61643-32 addresses the selection and application principles of SPDs in practical
situations for PV application (work in progress).
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
LOW-VOLTAGE SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES -
Part 31: Requirements and test methods
for SPDs for photovoltaic installations
1
Scope
This part of IEC 61643 is applicable to Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), intended for surge
protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages.
These devices are designed to be connected to the DC side of photovoltaic installations rated
up to 1 500 V DC.
These devices contain at least one non-linear component and are intended to limit surge
voltages and divert surge currents. Performance characteristics, safety requirements,
standard methods fortesting and ratings are established.
SPDs complying with this standard are exclusively dedicated to be installed on the DC side of
photovoltaic generators and the DC side of inverters.
SPDs for PV systems with energy storage (e.g. batteries, capacitor banks) are not covered.
SPDs with separate input and output terminals that contain specific series impedance
between these terminal(s) (so called two-port SPDs according to IEC 61643-11:2011) are not
covered.
SPDs compliant with this standard are designed to be permanently connected where
connection and disconnection of fixed SPDs can only be done using a tool. This standard
does not apply to portable SPDs
NOTE 1 In general SPDs for PV applications do not contain a specific series impedance between the input/output
terminals due to power efficiency considerations.
NOTE 2 Wherever reference is made to the electric power system or the power system within this document, this
refers to the DC side of the photovoltaic installation.
2
Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1:2010, High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60068-2-78:2012, Environmental testing - Part 2-78: Tests - Test Cab: Damp heat,
steady state
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-9-
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards -
Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61180-1, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment - Part 1: Definitions,
test and procedure requirements
IEC 61643-11:2011, Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 11: Surge protective devices
connected to low-voltage power systems - Requirements and test methods
IEC 62475:2010, High-current test techniques - Definitions and requirements for test currents
and measuring systems
3
Terms, definitions, acronyms and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
•
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
•
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
Terms and definitions
3.1.1
Surge Protective Device
SPD
device that contains at least one nonlinear component that is intended to limit surge voltages
and divert surge currents
Note 1 to entry: An SPD is a complete assembly, having appropriate connecting means.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
one-port SPD
SPD having no intended series impedance
Note 1 to entry: A one-port SPD may have separate input and output connections
Note 2 to entry: Overcurrent protection devices e.g fuses or circuit breakers are not considered as specific
intended series impedance.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.2, modified (Note 2 to entry added)]
3.1.3
voltage-switching SPD
SPD that has a high impedance when no surge is present, but can have a sudden change in
impedance to a low value in response to a voltage surge
Note 1 to entry: Common examples of components used in voltage-switching SPDs are spark gaps, gas tubes and
thyristors. These are sometimes called "crowbar-type" components.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.4, modified (original term referred to "voltage switching
type SPD")]
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.4
voltage-limiting SPD
SPD that has a high impedance when no surge is present, but will reduce it continuously with
increased surge current and voltage
Note 1 to entry: Common examples of components used in voltage-limiting SPDs are varistors and avalanche
breakdown diodes. These are sometimes called "clamping-type" components.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.5, modified (original term referred to "voltage limiting
type SPD")]
3.1.5
combination SPD
SPD that incorporates both voltage-switching components and voltage-limiting components.
The SPD may exhibit voltage-switching, limiting or both
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.6, modified (original term referred to "combination type
SPD")]
3.1.6
mode of protection
an intended current path between terminals, that contains one or more protective
components, for which the manufacturer declares a protection level
Note 1 to entry: Additional terminals may be included within this current path.
[SOURCE: IEC 61643-11:2011,3.1.8, modified (original term referred to "mode of protection
of an SPD", Note 1 to entry added)]
3.1.7
nominal discharge current
In
crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20
[SOURCE: IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.9, modified (original term referred to "nominal discharge
current for class II test)]
3.1.8
impulse discharge current for class I test
/imp
crest value of a discharge current through the SPD with specified charge transfer Q and
specified energy W/R in the specified time
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.10]
3.1.9
maximum discharge current
/max
crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according
to the manufacturers specification
Note 1 to entry: /max js equal to or greater than /n.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.48]
3.1.10
maximum continuous operating voltage for PV application
t/CPV
maximum DC voltage which may be continuously applied to the SPD’s mode of protection
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-11 -
3.1.11
continuous current for PV application
/CPV
current flowing through the plus and minus terminals of the SPD while energized at OCPV
3.1.12
residual current
/ÐÅ
current flowing through the PE-terminal of the SPD while energized at C/CPV
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.4,modified (different reference test voltage referred to)]
3.1.13
follow current
/f
peak current supplied by the electrical power system and flowing through the SPD after a
discharge current impulse
Note 1 to entry: The follow current is significantly different from the continuous current/c pv .
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.12, modified (Note 1 to entry added)]
3.1.14
rated load current
IL
maximum continuous rated DC current that can be supplied through the input/output terminals
of an SPD
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.13, modified (modified definition)]
3.1.15
voltage protection level
L/p
maximum voltage to be expected at the SPD terminals due to an impulse stress with defined
voltage steepness and an impulse stress with a discharge current with given amplitude and
waveshape
Note 1 to entry: The voltage protection level is given by the manufacturer and may not be exceeded by:
-
the measured limiting voltage, determined for front-of-wave sparkover (if applicable) and the measured limiting
voltage, determined from the residual voltage measurements at amplitudes up to/n and / or/imp respectively for
test classes II and / or I;
-
the measured limiting voltage determined for the combination wave measurements up to Uoc for test class III.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.14, modified (modified Note 1 to entry)]
3.1.16
measured limiting voltage
highest value of voltage that is measured across the terminals of the SPD during the
application of impulses of specified waveshape and amplitude
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.15]
3.1.17
residual voltage
L/res
crest value of voltage that appears between the terminals of an SPD due to the passage of
discharge current
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.16]
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.18
1,2/50 voltage impulse
voltage impulse with a nominal virtual front time of 1,2ps and a nominal time to half-value of
50ps.
Note 1 to entry: Clause 8 of IEC 60060-1: 2010 defines the voltage impulse definitions of front time, time to half
value and waveshape. IEC 61643-1 defines specific tolerance values.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.20]
3.1.19
8/20 current impulse
current impulse with a nominal virtual front time of 8ps and a nominal time to half-value of
20ps
Note 1 to entry: Clause 10 of IEC 62475: 2010 defines the current impulse definitions of front time, time to half
value and waveshape. IEC 61643-11 defines specific tolerance values.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.21]
3.1.20
combination wave
wave characterized by defined voltage amplitude ( C/OC) and waveshape under open-circuit
conditions and a defined current amplitude (/CW) and waveshape under short-circuit
conditions
Note 1 to entry: The voltage amplitude, current amplitude and waveform that is delivered to the SPD are
determined by the combination wave generator (CWG) impedance Zf and the impedance of the DUT.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.22]
3.1.21
open-circuit voltage
UOC
open-circuit voltage of the combination wave generator at the point of connection of the
device under test
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.23]
3.1.22
combination wave generator short-circuit current
/CW
prospective short-circuit current of the combination wave generator, at the point of connection
of the device under test
Note 1 to entry: When the SPD is connected to the combination wave generator, the current that flows through
the device is generally less than /cw .
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.24]
3.1.23
thermal stability
state of an SPD if, after heating up during the operating duty test, its temperature decreases
with time while energized at specified maximum continuous operating voltage and at specified
ambient temperature conditions
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.25]
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-13-
3.1.24
degradation (of performance)
undesired permanent departure in the operational performance of equipment or a system from
its intended performance
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.26]
3.1.25
short-circuit current rating of the SPD
/SCPV
maximum prospective short-circuit current from the power system for which the SPD, in
conjunction with the disconnector specified, is rated
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.27, modified (term originally referred to as/sccR)]
3.1.26
SPD disconnector (disconnector)
device for disconnecting an SPD, or part of an SPD, from the power system in the event of
SPD failure
Note 1 to entry: This disconnecting device is not required to have isolating capability for safety purposes. It is to
prevent a persistent fault on the system and is used to give an indication of an SPD’s failure. Disconnectors can be
internal (built in) or external (required by the manufacturer). There may be more than one disconnector function, for
example an over-current protection function and a thermal protection function. These functions may be in separate
units.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.28]
3.1.27
degree of protection of enclosure
IP
classification preceded by the symbol IP indicating the extent of protection provided by an
enclosure against access to hazardous parts, against ingress of solid foreign objects and
possibly harmful ingress of water
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.29]
3.1.28
type test
conformity test made on one or more items representative of the production
[SOURCE:
IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-16]
3.1.29
routine test
test made on each SPD or on parts and materials as required to ensure that the product
meets the design specifications
[SOURCE:
IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-17]
3.1.30
acceptance tests
contractual test to prove to the customer that the item meets certain conditions of its
specification
[SOURCE:
IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-23]
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.31
impulse test classification
3.1.31.1
class I tests
tests carried out with the impulse discharge current/imp, with an 8/20 current impulse having
a crest value equal to the crest value of/imp, and if relevant, with a 1,2/50 voltage impulse
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011,3.1.34.1, modified (addition of "if relevant)]
3.1.31.2
class II tests
tests carried out with the 8/20 nominal discharge current/n, and if relevant, with a
1,2/50 voltage impulse
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011,3.1.34.2, modified (addition of "if relevant)]
3.1.31.3
class III tests
tests carried out with the 1,2/50 voltage - 8/20 current combination wave generator
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011,3.1.34.3]
3.1.32
sparkover voltage or trigger voltage of a voltage-switching SPD
maximum voltage value at which the sudden change from high to low impedance starts for a
voltage-switching SPD
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011,3.1.36]
3.1.33
specific energy for class I test
W/R
energy dissipated by a unit resistance of 1 'O with the impulse discharge current/imp
Note 1 to entry: This is equal to the time integral of the square of the current (W/R = J ³ 2d t).
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.37]
3.1.34
prospective short-circuit current
/Ð
current which would flow at a given location in a circuit if it were short-circuited at that
location by a link of negligible impedance
[SOURCE: IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.38, modified (removal of "of a power supply" from
original term and removal of Note to entry)]
3.1.35
status indicator
device that indicates the operational status of an SPD, or a part of an SPD
Note 1 to entry: Such indicators may be local with visual and/or audible alarms and/or may have remote signalling
and/or output contact capability.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.41]
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-15-
3.1.36
output contact
contact included in a circuit separate from the main circuit of an SPD, and linked to a
disconnector or status indicator.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.42]
3.1.37
multipole SPD
type of SPD with more than one mode of protection, or a combination of electrically
interconnected SPDs offered as a unit
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.43]
3.1.38
total discharge current
/Total
current which flows through the earth conductor of a multipole SPD during the total discharge
current test
Note 1 to entry: The aim is to take into account cumulative effects that occur when multiple modes of protection of
a multipole SPD conduct at the same time.
Note 2 to entry: /Total is particularly relevant for SPDs tested according to test class I, and is used for the purpose
of lightning protection equipotential bonding according to IEC 62305 series.
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.44, modified ("PE or PEN conductor" replaced by "earth
conductor")]
3.1.39
voltage for clearance determination
L/max
highest measured voltage during
surge applications according to 8.3.3.1 of
IEC 61643-11:2011
[SOURCE:
IEC 61643-11:2011, 3.1.47]
3.1.40
Open-Circuit Failure Mode
OCFM
failure behaviour whereby an SPD changes to a permanent high impedance or open-circuit
state under certain conditions
Note 1 to entry: A low impedance intermediate state is possible for a limited time until the final failure mode is
reached.
3.1.41
Short-Circuit Failure Mode
SCFM
failure behaviour whereby an SPD changes to a permanent low impedance or short-circuit
state under certain conditions
3.1.42
testing voltage
C/test
test voltage derived from the PV system voltage
Note 1 to entry: The value of t/test may vary depending on testing procedures.
-16-
²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.43
testing current
/test
test current derived from the PV system
Note 1 to entry: The value of/test may vary depending on testing procedures.
3.1.44
means for Short-Circuiting the SPD (SC-means)
internal means for short-circuiting an SPD declared as SCFM under specified conditions, with
a current carrying capacity equal to the short-circuit current rating /SCPV of the SPD
3.1.45
nominal varistor voltage
C/1 mA
voltage across the MOV measured at 1 mA DC
3.2
Acronyms / Symbols
Table 1 provides the list of acronyms and symbols used in this standard.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-17-
Table 1 - List of acronyms and symbols
Acronyms and symbols
Description
Definition/clause
General
DUT
Device Under Test
General
IP
degree of protection of enclosure
3.1.27
SPD
Surge Protective Device
3.1.1
W/R
specific energy for class I test
3.1.33
È , T2 and/or
13
product marking for test classes I, II and/or III
6.1.1.2 3)
OCFM
Open Circuit Failure Mode
3.1.40
SCFM
Short Circuit Failure Mode
3.1.41
Voltage
U
CPV
maximum continuous operating voltage
3.1.10
U
p
voltage protection level
3.1.15
u
res
residual voltage
3.1.17
U
max
voltage for clearance determination
3.1.39
U
ÎÑ
open circuit voltage of the combination wave generator
3.1.20/3.1.21
U
Test
Testing voltage
3.1.42
U
1mA
nominal varistor voltage
3.1.45
current
I
imp
impulse discharge current for class I test
3.1.8
I
max
maximum discharge current
3.1.9
I
n
nominal discharge current for class II test
3.1.7
I
f
follow current
3.1.13
I
L
rated load current
3.1.14
I C\N
Combination Wave generator short short circuit current
3.1.22/3.1.20
I
SCPV
Short-Circuit Current Rating
3.1.25
I
p
prospective short-circuit current
3.1.34
I
PE
residual current at U
CPV
3.1.12
I
Total
total discharge current for multipole SPD
3.1.38
I
CPV
continuous Current for PV application
3.1.11
I
test
testing current
3.1.43
4
Service conditions
4.1
Voltage
The voltage applied continuously between the terminals of the SPD shall not exceed its
maximum continuous operating voltage t/CPV.
4.2
Air pressure and altitude
Air pressure is 80 kPa to 106 kPa. These values represent an altitude of +2 000 m to -500 m
respectively.
4.3
Temperatures
•
normal range: -5 °Ñ to +40 °Ñ
•
extended range: -40 °Ñ to +70 °Ñ
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
4.4
Humidity
•
normal range: 5 % to 95 %
•
extended range: 5 % to 100 %
5 Classification
5.1
General
The manufacturer shall classify the SPDs in accordance with the following parameters.
5.2
SPD design
•
Voltage-switching
•
Voltage-limiting
•
Combination
5.3
Class I, II and III tests
Information required for class I, class II and class III tests is given in Table 2 of
IEC 61643-11:2011.
5.4
Location
5.4.1
Indoor
SPDs intended for use in enclosures and/or inside buildings or shelters.
SPDs installed in outdoor enclosures or shelters are considered for indoor use.
NOTE This classification addresses SPDs for use in weather protected locations having neither temperature nor
humidity control, and corresponds to the characteristics of external influences code AB4 in IEC 60364-5-51.
5.4.2
Outdoor
SPDs intended for use without enclosures and outside of buildings or shelters.
NOTE This classification addresses SPDs for use in non-weather protected locations.
5.5
Accessibility
5.5.1
Accessible
An SPD which can be fully or partly touched by an unskilled person, without the use of a tool
to open any covers or enclosures, once installed.
5.5.2
Inaccessible
An SPD which cannot be touched by an unskilled person either due to being mounted out of
reach or due to being located within enclosures which can only be opened by using a tool,
once installed.
5.6
Disconnectors (including overcurrent protection)
- Location
•
Internal
•
External
•
Both (internal and external)
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-19-
-
Protection functions
•
Thermal
•
Leakage current
•
Overcurrent
57 Degree of protection provided by enclosures according to IP-code of IEC 60529
5.8
Temperature and humidity range
-
Normal
-
Extended
5.9
Multipole SPD
-
Yes
-
No
5.10
SPD failure mode
-
Open-Circuit Failure Mode (OCFM)
-
Short-Circuit Faillure Mode (SCFM)
5.11
PV earthing system
-
Earthed
-
Unearthed
-
Earthed and Unearthed (both)
6 Requirements
6.1
General requirements
6.1.1
Identification
6.1.1.1
General
The following information shall be provided by the manufacturer.
6.1.1.2
Markings which are mandatory on the body, or permanently attached to the
body, of the SPD
1) Manufacturer's name or trade mark and model number
2) Maximum continuous operating voltage for PV application C/CPV +/PE, -/PE and +/- if
applicable (one value for each mode of protection except if all the values are equal)
3) The letters “PV” combined with the SPD test class and discharge parameters for each
mode of protection declared by the manufacturer and printed next to each other:
•
for test class I:
“test class I” and 7lmp“ and the value in kA, and/or
“ßÏ (T1 in a square) and “/lmp“ and the value in kA (e.g. PV T1 /Imp: 10llcA)l;
•
for test class II:
“test class II” and “ /n“ and the value in kA, and/or
“²2² (T2 in a square) and 7n“ and the value in kA (e.g. PV T2/n: 10êÀ²)ÃÈ
•
for test class III:
“test class III” and “C/OC“ and the value in kV, and/or
ÍãçÇ(ÒÇ in a square) and “t/OC“ and the value in kV (e.g. PV T3 t/OC: 6lJv)J
4) Voltage protection level UP +/PE, -/PE and +/- if applicable (one value for each mode of
protection except if all the values are equal);
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
5) Degree of protection provided by the enclosure (IP-code) if > IP20;
6) Identification of terminals or leads (if not otherwise identified on the devices);
7) Rated load current/L for one-port SPDs with separate input and output terminals.
Where space does not allow all the above markings to be placed, at least 1) and 6) (if
terminals are not interchangeable) is sufficient on the SPD; other remaining required markings
shall appear on the installation instruction.
An SPD may be classified according to more than one test class (e.g. Class I test T1 and
Class II test T2). jn tl|iis case, the tests required for all declared test classes shall be
performed. If in such case the manufacturer declares only one protection level, only the
highest protection level shall appear in the marking.
6.1.1.3
Information which shall be provided with the products to be delivered
1) Location (See 5.4)
2) Method of mounting
3) Short-circuit current rating /SCPV
4) Ratings and characteristics for external SPD disconnector(s), if required.
5) Indication of disconnector operation (if any) or SC-means (if any).
6) Orientation for normal installation, if significant
7) Installation instructions:
8) type of PV systems (earthed, not earthed)
9) intended connection (+/- to ground, + to -)
10) mechanical dimensions, lead lengths, etc.
11) Temperature and humidity range (See 4.3 and 4.4)
12) Residual currents/ÐÅ AC and DC
13) SPD failure mode, e.g. OCFM or SCFM
14) If the SPD is declared SCFM, clear indication shall be provided that it cannot be installed
on non-electrically separated PCE (power conversion equipment)
15) /max, (if declared by the manufacturer)
16) Continuous current/CPV
17) SPDs for which the manufacturer declares a short-circuit failure mode, shall require
specific measures to ensure that such devices will not endanger the operator during
maintenance and replacement due to possible DC arcing
6.1.1.4
Information which shall be available in a product datasheet
1) Total discharge current/Total for multipole SPDs and the corresponding test class
2) Information about replaceable parts (indicators, fuses, etc. if applicable)
3) Modes of protection (for SPDs with more than one mode of protection)
6.1.1.5
Information which shall be provided by the manufacturer for type testing
1) Presence of switching component(s) (see Annex A)
2) Follow current to be expected (< 5 A or > 5 A: see Annex A)
3) If the status indication circuitry does not use certified components operated within their
ratings, the manufacturer shall provide the appropriate testing standards for the specific
component to allow it to be tested
4) Isolation and dielectric withstand of separate isolated circuits
Compliance is checked by visual inspection.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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6.1.2
Marking
Markings on the device shall be indelible and legible and shall not be placed on screws or
removable parts.
NOTE A plug-in SPD module is not considered a removable part for marking purposes.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.3.
6.2
Electrical requirements
6.2.1
Protection against direct contact
For protection against direct contact (inaccessibility of live parts), SPDs shall be designed in
such a way that live parts cannot be touched when the SPD is installed for the intended use.
SPDs, except SPDs classified for mounting inaccessible, shall be so designed that, when they
are wired and mounted as for normal use, live parts are not accessible, even after removal of
parts which can be removed without the use of a tool.
After installation according to the manufacturers installation instructions the protection against
touching of live parts for SPDs, which may be accessible for uninstructed persons, shall at
least comply with the requirements for IP2XC according IEC 60529.
The connection between the earthing terminals and all accessible conductive parts shall be of
low resistance.
Compliance is checked by the tests in accordance with IEC 60529 and in accordance with
Subclause 8.3.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.2.2
Residual current /ÐÅ
For SPDs with a terminal for the protective conductor, the residual current/ÐÅ shall be
measured when SPD terminals are connected to a power supply at the maximum continuous
operating voltage (t/CPV).
Compliance is checked by the test according to 7.4.1.
6.2.3
Voltage protection level L/p
The measured limiting voltage(s) of the SPD shall not exceed the voltage protection level that
is specified by the manufacturer.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with Subclause 8.3.3 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.2.4
Operating duty
The SPD shall be capable of withstanding specified discharge currents during application of
the maximum continuous operating voltage UCPV, without unacceptable changes in its
characteristics.
In addition voltage-switching SPDs or combination SPDs shall be able to interrupt any follow
current up to the short-circuit current rating (/SCPV).
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.4.2.
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6.2.5
Disconnectors and status indicators
6.2.5.1
Disconnectors
SPDs with OCFM failure mode shall have disconnectors (which can be either internal,
external or both). Their operation shall be indicated by a corresponding status indicator.
Table 4 provides information on the inclusion of disconnectors during the various type tests.
The required behaviour of disconnectors during and after various type tests is given by items
F, G, H and J of Table 5, and is checked by the tests in accordance with 7.4.3.
6.2.5.2
SC-means
SPD with SCFM failure mode shall have a SC-means. Its operation shall be indicated by a
corresponding status indicator.
6.2.5.3
Thermal protection
SPDs shall be protected against overheating due to degradation or overstress.
This test is not performed on PV SPDs containing only voltage-switching components and/or
ABD devices.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.4.3.2.
6.2.5.4
SPD failure mode
An SPD shall fail without causing a hazardous condition or withstand the declared / SCPV
which may occur during an SPD failure.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.4.4.
This test is not applied to SPD mode(s) of protection that contains voltage-switching
components only.
Due to possible hazard to people and property resulting from the DC
replacement, plug-in Short-Circuit Mode (SCFM) SPDs (which can be replaced
require appropriate means for disconnection which shall be declared by the
Compliance is checked by inspection of the installation instructions with
requirement in 6.1.1.3 17).
6.2.5.5
Status indicators
The manufacturer shall provide information about the function of the indicator and the actions
to be taken after change of status indication.
A status indicator may be composed of two parts (one of which is not replaced when e.g. a
plug module is changed), linked by a coupling mechanism which can be mechanical, optical,
audio, electromagnetic, etc. The part of the status indicator which is not replaced (e.g. base
part of socket) shall be capable of operating at least 50 times.
The action of the coupling mechanism which operates the non-replaced part of the status
indicator may be simulated by means other than operation of the section within the replaced
part of the SPD, e.g. a separate electromagnet or a spring.
Where there is an appropriate standard for the type of indication used, this shall be met by
the non-replaced part of the status indicator, with the exception that the indicator need only
be tested for 50 operations.
arcing during
without a tool)
manufacturer,
regard to the
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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6.2.6
Insulation resistance
The insulation resistance of the SPD shall be sufficient with respect to leakage current and
protection against direct contact.
Compliance is checked by the test given in Subclause 8.3.6 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.2.7
Dielectric withstand
The dielectric withstand of the housing of the SPD shall be sufficient with respect to insulation
breakdown and protection against direct contact.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.4.5.
6.2.8
Continuous current/CPV
The current flowing through the plus and minus terminals of the SPD shall be measured when
energized at the maximum continuous operating voltage C/CPV, and connected according to
the manufacturer’s instructions.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.4.6.
6.2.9
Total discharge current/Total (for multipole SPDs)
Compliance is checked by the test given in Subclause 8.7.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.3
Mechanical requirements
6.3.1
Mounting
SPDs shall be provided with appropriate means for mounting that will ensure mechanical
stability.
Mechanical coding/interlock shall be provided to prevent incorrect combinations of plug-in
SPD modules and sockets.
Compliance is checked by visual inspection.
6.3.2
Screws, current carrying parts and connections
Compliance is checked according to Subclause 8.4.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 by inspection and
trial mounting.
6.3.3
External connections
The terminations and connection methods listed in Table 2 meet the requirements of this
standard.
Other terminations and connection methods shall be tested in accordance with the relevant
standards to ensure adequate performances.
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Table 2 - Compliant termination and connection methods
Termination and connection method
Reference standard(s)
Screw-type clamping units for e.g.:screw-, pillar- and stud
terminals
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.3.3.1 and 8.4.2.1
Screwless-type clamping units
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.3.3.2 and 8.4.2.2
Flat, quick-connect termination
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.3.3.4 and 8.4.2.4
Pigtail connection (Flying leads)
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.3.3.5 and 8.4.2.5
Connectors for photovoltaic systems
IEC 62852
6.3.4
Air clearances and creepage distances
The SPD shall have sufficient air clearances and creepage distances.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.5.1.
6.3.5
Mechanical strength
All parts of the SPD relating to the protection against direct contact shall have sufficient
mechanical strength.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with Subclause 8.4.4 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.4
Environmental and material requirements
6.4.1
General
SPDs shall operate satisfactorily under the service conditions specified in accordance with 4
and the requirements and tests listed in Table 3.
Table 3 - Environmental and material requirements
Reference standard(s)
Protection provided by enclosure (IP-code)
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.4.1 and 8.5.1
Heat resistance
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.4.2 and 8.5.2
Ball pressure test
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.4.2 and 8.5.3
Fire resistance
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.4.3 and 8.5.4
Tracking resistance
IEC 61643-11:2011,7.4.4 and 8.5.5
6.4.2
Life test under damp heat
Compliance is tested in accordance with 7.6.1.
6.4.3
Electromagnetic compatibility
6.4.3.1
Electromagnetic immunity
SPDs either incorporating no electronic circuits or incorporating electronic circuits in which all
components are passive (for example diodes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, varistors and
other surge protective components) are generally not sensitive to electromagnetic
disturbances expected under normal service conditions and therefore no immunity tests are
required. For SPDs containing sensitive electronic circuits, refer to IEC 61000-6-1.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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6.4.3.2
Electromagnetic emission
For SPDs not incorporating electronic circuits, or incorporating electronic circuits that do not
generate fundamental frequencies greater than 9 kHz in normal operation, electromagnetic
disturbances can only be generated during protective operations. The duration of these
disturbances is in the order of microseconds to milliseconds.
The frequency, level and the consequences of these emissions are considered as part of the
normal electromagnetic environment of low-voltage installations. Therefore, the requirements
for electromagnetic emissions are deemed to be satisfied and no verification is necessary.
For SPDs containing electronic circuits that perform a switching function operating at a
frequency of 9 kHz or greater, refer to IEC 61000-6-3.
6.5
Additional requirements for specific SPD designs
6.5.1
One-port SPDs with separate input/output terminals - Rated load current IL
The manufacturer shall declare the rated load current.
Compliance is checked by the test in accordance with 7.7.1.1.
6.5.2
Environmental tests for outdoor SPDs
Outdoor SPDs shall be sufficiently resistant to LIV radiation and corrosion.
This shall be tested in accordance with to 7.7.2 and Annex F of IEC 61643-11:2011.
6.5.3
SPDs with separate isolated circuits
If an SPD includes a circuit that is electrically isolated from the main circuit, the manufacturer
shall provide information about the isolation and dielectric withstand voltages between the
circuits as well as the relevant standards that the manufacturer is claiming conformity with.
If there are more than two circuits, declarations shall be made with regard to each
combination of circuits.
The insulation resistance between the main circuits and separate isolated circuits shall be
tested in accordance with Subclause 8.3.6 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
The dielectric withstand between the main circuits and separate isolated circuits shall be
tested in accordance with 7.4.5.
6.6
Additional parameter if declared by the manufacturer - Maximum discharge
current /max
If the manufacturer declares/max, this value shall be tested in accordance with Subclause
8.3.3.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 using only one impulse of/max which is applied at the polarity
which resulted in the higher residual voltage value during the previous test.
7
Type tests
7.1
General
Type tests are carried out as indicated in Table 4 on three samples per test sequence. Within
any test sequence, the tests shall be carried out in the order given in Table 4. The order in
which test sequences are carried out may be varied. Tests on terminals shall be performed on
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three terminal samples for each construction/terminal type (an SPD with at least three
identical terminals fulfils this sample requirement).
See Table 5 for the common pass criteria for the type tests.
A sample has passed a test sequence of Table 4 if all the requirements of the relevant test
clauses and the relevant pass criteria are fulfilled.
If all required samples pass a test sequence, the design of the SPD is acceptable for that test
sequence. If two or more test samples fail a test sequence, the SPD does not comply with this
standard.
In the event that a single sample does not pass a test, this test, and those preceding in the
same test sequence that may have influenced the result of this test, shall be repeated with
three new samples, but this time no failure of any sample is allowed.
A set of three samples may be used for more than one test sequence, if agreed by the
manufacturer.
If the SPD is an integral part of a product covered by another standard, the requirements of
the other standard shall apply to those parts of the product, which do not belong to the SPD
section of the product. The SPD section shall comply with the general (6.1), the electrical
(6.2), the environmental and material (6.4) requirements of this document. The mechanical
requirements of other standards shall also be applied to the SPD.
7.2
Testing procedures
7.2.1
General
If not otherwise specified, the reference standard for high-voltage test procedures is
IEC 61180-1.
The SPD shall be mounted and electrically connected in accordance with the manufacturer’s
installation procedures. This setup shall then be kept throughout the entire type testing
procedure except if otherwise specified. Neither external cooling nor heating shall be
employed.
When not otherwise specified, the test shall be performed in free air and the ambient
temperature shall be (20 ± 15) °Ñ.
For all static DC current measurement such as / CPV and, /ÐÅ, the initial decrease after the
application of voltage shall be disregarded and readings shall not be taken earlier than 30 sec
after the application of voltage.
Unless otherwise specified, where a power source is required for testing, all instantaneous
values of the test voltage shall remain between t/test and t/test -5 % when a load current equal
of 1 A is flowing.
To ensure comparable test results, at least a 6-pulse rectifier bridge shall be used to limit the
maximum ripple under full-load conditions.
NOTE 1 This means that using a 6 pulse rectifier requires an additional smoothing capacitor to fulfil this 5 %
requirement.
When testing SPDs for which the manufacturer supplies integral cables, the full length of
those cables shall form part of the SPD under test.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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llnless otherwise specified, during the test, no maintenance or dismantling of the SPD is
allowed. External disconnectors shall be selected according to the manufacturer’s instructions
and connected for testing if required according to Table 4.
All tests shall be performed on each mode of protection declared by the manufacturer,
however, if some modes of protection have identical circuitry, one single test can be
performed on the mode of protection which presents the most vulnerable configuration, using
new samples each time.
If the manufacturer provides information on the external SPD disconnector necessary to
achieve correct coordination with prospective short-circuit currents higher than the /SCPV (of
the SPD alone); these tests shall be repeated (for each sequence and combination) on the
combination including this additional external disconnector.
If the use of tissue paper is required according to Table 4, it shall be fixed at a distance of
100 mm ± 20 mm in all directions of the sample, except the mounting surface.
NOTE 2 Tissue paper: thin, soft and rather strong paper, generally used to wrap breakable objects and whose
weight stands between 12 g/m 2 and 25 g/m 2.
Throughout the entire type testing procedure, the status shown by the indicator(s) shall give a
clear sign of the status of the part to which it is linked. Where there is more than one method
of status indication, for example local and additional features for remote indication, each type
of indication shall be checked and comply with the manufacturer’s specification.
It should be noted that good testing techniques are required for impulse testing and
measurements. This is needed to ensure that correct test values are measured and recorded.
SPDs shall not create any hazard when operated under the test conditions in accordance with
this standard.
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Table 4 - Type test requirements for SPDs
Test
sequence
Test description
Subclause
requirement/
test
External
disconnectors
connected a
Tissue
paper
used
Test
class I
Test
class II
Test
class III
1
Identification and
marking
6.1.1 /6.1.2/
7.3
-
-
A
A
A
Mounting
6.3.1
-
-
A
A
A
Terminals and
connections
6.3.2/6.3.3
-
-
A
A
A
Testing for protection
against direct contact
6.2.1
-
-
A
A
A
Environment IP-code
6.4
-
-
A
A
A
Residual current
6.2.2/7.4.1 /
7.4.1.2
-
-
A
A
A
Operating duty test d
6.2.4 / 7.4.2 b
Operating duty test for
test
classes I, II or III
7.2.3.2/
7.4.2.3/
7.4.2.6
A
-
A
A
A
Additional duty test for
test class I
7.4.2.5
A
-
A
-
-
c
Thermal stability
6.2.5.3/
7.4.3.2
A
-
A
A
A
Air clearances and
creepage distances
7.5.1
-
-
A
A
A
Ball pressure test
6.4
-
-
A
A
A
Resistance to abnormal
heat and fire
6.4
-
-
A
A
A
Tracking resistance
6.4
-
-
A
A
A
2
Voltage protection level
e
6.2.3
3
Insulation resistance
6.2.6
-
-
A
A
A
Dielectric withstand
6.2.7/7.4.5
-
-
A
A
A
3a
See below - only if
applicable
Mechanical strength
6.3.5
-
-
A
A
A
Temperature withstand
6.2.5/7.4.3.1
b
-
-
A
A
A
3b c
See below - only if
applicable
4C
Heat resistance
6.4
-
-
A
A
A
5C
SPD failure mode test
6.2.5.4/7.4.4
A
A
A
A
A
6
Live test under damp
heat
7.6.1 b
-
-
A
A
A
7
Total discharge current
test for multipole SPDs
6.2.9 b
-
A
A
A
Additional tests for one-port-SPDs with separate input / output terminals
3b c
Rated load current
6.5.1/7.7.1.1
A
-
A
A
A
Additional tests for Outdoor use SPDs
8
Environmental tests for
outdoor SPDs
6.5.2/7.7.2
-
-
A
A
A
Additional tests for SPDs with separate isolated circuits
3a
Isolation between
separate circuits
6.5.3/7.4.5
-
-
A
A
A
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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Test
sequence
Test description
Subclause
requirement/
test
External
disconnectors
connected a
Tissue
paper
used
Test Test Test
class I class II class III
A applicable if declared;
- not applicable
external disconnectors connected means that all disconnectors as specified by the manufacturer shall be
tested with the SPD during the type tests.
For these tests, initial measurements of continuous current and residual current according to Table 6, pass
criterion E may be necessary.
For this test sequence more than one set of samples may be needed.
For the whole operating duty test (including the additional duty test, if applicable) one separate set of samples
may be used.
See relevant clause and Table 3 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
Table 5 - Common pass criteria for type tests
A
Thermal stability shall be achieved. The SPD is considered to be thermally stable if the current flowing into
the SPD or the power dissipation shows either a decreasing tendency or does not increase during 15 min of
Ucpv voltage application immediately after the applic^^n of U .If the test itself is performed with the SPD
energized at U CP^hen t/cpv either remains applied for these 15 min without interruption or is reapplied
within less than 30 s.
Â
Voltage and current records and visual inspection shall show no indication of puncture or flashover.
C
No visible damage shall occur during the test. After the test, small indents and cracks not impairing the
protection against direct contact are disregarded during this check, unless the degree of protection (IP-code)
given for the SPD is no longer provided. There shall be no visual evidence of burning of the sample after the
test.
D
Values for measured limiting voltage after the test shall be below or equal to U . The m^isured limiting
voltage shall be determined, using the tests in Subclause 8.3.3 of IEC 61643-11:2011, but the test in
Subclause 8.3.3.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 is performed only with a 8/20 surge current with a crest value of/
for test class I or with / forntest class II or with the test in Subclause 8.3.3.3 of IEC 61643-11:2011, but only
imp
at t/ocfor test class III.
E
No excessive continuous current and residual current shall occur after the test.
The SPD shall be connected as for normal use according to the manufacturer’s instructions to a power supply
at the maximum continuous operating voltage (U ).
current that flows through each terminal is
measured and shall not exceed a value of 1 mA, or the current shall not have changed by more than 20 %
compared to the initial value determined at the beginning of the relevant test sequence.
Any resettable or re-armable disconnector shall be switched off manually, if applicable, and the dielectric
withstand shall be checked by application of two times U or^^OO V DC, whichever is greater. During the
test, no flashover, breakdown of insulation either internally (puncture) or externally (tracking) or any other
manifestation of disruptive discharge shall occur.
If there is more than one possible connection arrangement for normal use, this check shall be performed for
all arrangements.
F
External disconnectors, as specified by the manufacturer, shall not operate during the test and shall be in
working order after the test.
For the purpose of this clause, working order means that there is no damage to the disconnector and that it is
still operational. Operation can be checked either manually (where possible) or by a simple electrical test
agreed between the manufacturer and the test laboratory.
G
Internal disconnectors, or SC-means, as specified by the manufacturer, shall not operate during the test and
shall be in working order after the test.
For the purpose of this clause, working order means that there is no damage of the disconnector, or SC-
means, and that it is still operational. Operation can be checked either manually (where possible) or by a
simple electrical test agreed between the manufacturer and the test laboratory.
H
Disconnection shall be provided by one or more internal and/or external disconnector(s). Their correct
indication shall be checked.
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
I
SPDs with an IP degree equal to, or greater than, IP20 shall not have live parts accessible with the
standardized test finger applied with a force of 5 N (see IEC 60529), except the live parts which were already
accessible before the test when the SPD is fitted as in normal use.
J
If disconnection (internal or external) occurs during the test, there shall be clear evidence of effective
disconnection of the corresponding protective component(s).
If internal disconnection occurs, the test sample is connected as for normal use at the maximum continuous
operating voltage U CP(pr 1 min. The test source shall have a short-circuit current capability equal or greater
than 200 mA. The current that flows through the relevant protective components shall not exceed a value of
1 mA.
Currents through components connected in parallel to the relevant protective component(s), or otherwise
connected (e.g. indicator circuits), are disregarded for this measurement, as long as they cannot cause a
current through the relevant protective component(s).
In addition the current through the PE-terminal, including parallel circuits and other circuits (e.g. indicator
circuits), if any, shall not exceed 1 mA.
If there is more than one possible connection arrangement for normal use, this check shall be performed for
all arrangements.
ê
Void
L
The tissue paper shall not catch fire.
M
There shall be no explosion or other hazard to either personnel or the facility.
N
Void
0
Void
P
Short-circuit mode shall be provided by the SC-means. Its correct indication shall be checked.
Q
If the short-circuit mode occurs during the test, the SPD shall be capable of conducting its short-circuit
current rating I SCP>Jo verify this, within 10 s of the SPD reaching its short-circuit state, it shall be connected
to a power source capable of delivering I scpv
^s c pv s^a" be maintained for 2 h or until thermal equilibrium (< 2 Ê /10 min) has been reached. During this
period the surface temperature rise at the hottest point of the housing shall not exceed 120 K. The surface
temperature rise at the hottest point shall not exceed 80 Ê five minutes after the application of/
__________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ÜÑãÓ__________
7.2.2
Test impulses
For test impulse specifications refer to 8.1.1,8.1.2, 8.1.3 and 8.1.4 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
NOTE 1 Subclause 8.1.4.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 does not apply since two-port SPDs are not covered in this
standard.
NOTE 2 For the purpose of this document, the use of an AC power source required in Subclause 8.1.4 of
IEC 61643-11:2011 is replaced by a DC power source.
NOTE 3 For the purpose of this document, the reference to /sc in Subclause 8.1.4 of IEC 61643-11:2011 is
replaced by / cw .
7.2.3
Characteristics of power sources for testing
7.2.3.1
General source characteristics
The test circuit shall have an inductance equal to or greater than 100 pH.
Two different types of power sources can be used for the operating duty and failure mode
tests, as shown in Figure 1.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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Figure 1 - l/U characteristics
The tolerance of the simulated PV-source is defined by the shaded area between the points
P1 and P2:
*
P1: [LTest, 1,05 x/Test]
*
P2: [0,7 x LTest, 0,7 x/Test]
*
P3: [0,95 x {/rest]
*
P4: [0, 1,05 x nest]
This area may be exceeded towards higher voltage and current values depending on the
agreement between the test laboratory and the SPD manufacturer.
These shall be checked under static and transient conditions within 100 ps. Annex  provides
appropriate test procedures to confirm compliance with this requirement.
7.2.3.2
Specific source characteristics for operating duty tests
Depending on the SPDs follow current, the following power sources at t/CPV shall be used for
testing:
Table 6 - Specific power source characteristics for operating duty tests
Follow current according to Annex A
<=5A
>5A
Operating duty test according to 7.4.2.3 or 7.4.2.6
DC or PV1
PV
2
Additional duty test for test class I according to 7.4.2.5
DC or PV
________ 2____3_______ DC or PV
______ 2____3_____
DC1: Linear DC source with an impedance such that during the flow of follow current the
voltage, measured at the SPD terminals, does not fall below //CPV by more than 5 %.
DC2: Linear DC source with a prospective short-circuit current of 5 A (0 / +10 %),
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1b).
PV1: Simulated PV-source with a prospective short-circuit current of at least 20 A (0 / +10 %),
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1a).
PV2: Simulated PV-source with a prospective short-circuit current equal to/SCPV (01 +5 %),
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1a).
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
PV3: Simulated PV-source with a prospective short-circuit current of 5 A (0 / +10 %),
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1a).
7.2.3.3
Specific source characteristics for failure mode tests
Depending on the SPD’s failure mode, the following power sources at //CPV 11,2 shall be
used for testing:
NOTE The value for the test voltage is derived from the standard operating condition and is de-rated by a factor
of 1,2 to the maximum open-circuit voltage, to represent the normal operating conditions of the PV system.
Table 7 - Specific power source characteristics for failure mode tests
Expected failure mode according to 6.1.1 13)
OCFM
SCFM
SPD failure mode test according to 7.4.4
DC3aor P\?
PV
_______ 4____
a only upon agreement with the manufacturer.
DC3: Linear DC source with a prospective short-circuit current according to 7.4.4,
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1b).
PV4: Simulated PV-source with a prospective short-circuit current according to 7.4.4,
corresponding to/Test in Figure 1a).
7.3
Indelibility of markings
This test shall be applied on markings of all types except those made by impressing, moulding
and engraving.
The test is made by rubbing the marking by hand for 15 s with a piece of cotton soaked with
water and again for 15 s with a piece of cotton soaked with aliphatic solvent hexane with a
content of aromatics of maximum 0,1 % volume, a kauributanol value of 29, initial
boiling-point approximately 65 °Ñ and specific gravity of 0,68 g/cm 3.
As an alternative, it is permitted to use a reagent grade hexane with a minimum of 85 % as
n-hexane.
NOTE The designation “n-hexane” is chemical nomenclature for a “normal” or straight chain hydrocarbon. This
petroleum spirit is often further identified as a certified ACS (American Chemical Society) reagent grade hexane
(CAS# 110-54-3).
After this test the marking shall be easily legible.
7.4
Electrical tests
7.4.1
Residual current /ÐÅ
7.4.1.1
Test procedure
Measurements shall be taken by consecutively applying the following power sources between
+ to PE and - to PE:
-
a DC source at UCPV,
-
an AC source providing a sinusoidal voltage at 50 Hz or 60 Hz with a peak value
corresponding to UCPV.
The residual currents (AC and DC) flowing through the PE-terminal shall be recorded
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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7.4.1.2
Pass criteria
The highest measured residual current value shall not exceed the value declared by the
manufacturer according to 6.1.1.3, 12).
7.4.2
Operating duty test
7.4.2.1
General
An overview is given in the flow chart for the operating duty test in Figure 2.
IEC
Figure 2 - Flow chart of the operating duty test
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
7.4.2.2
Test procedure
This is a test in which service conditions are simulated by the application of a stipulated
number of specified impulses to the SPD while it is energized at the maximum continuous
operating voltage UCPV using a source according to 7.2.3.
The test setup shall comply with the circuit diagram given in Figure 3.
The measured limiting voltage shall be checked and shall be below or equal to t/P.
The measured limiting voltage shall be determined using the tests described in Subclause
8.3.3
of IEC 61643-11:2011.
To avoid overstress of the samples, the measured limiting voltage test is performed:
•
in accordance with Subclause 8.3.3.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 but only with an 8/20 impulse
current at a crest value corresponding to I imp for test class I
•
in accordance with Subclause 8.3.3.1 of IEC 61643-11:2011 but only at In for test class II
•
in accordance with Subclause 8.3.3.3 of IEC 61643-11:2011 but only at UOC for test class
III
with one positive and one negative surge applied.
Key
t/cpv:
power source according to 7.2.3.2
L\
Inductor according to 7.2.3.1
D:
SPD disconnectors, as specified by the manufacturer
DUT:
Device under Test (SPD)
Surge: 8/20 current for Class I and II operating duty test according to 7.4.2.4
Impulse discharge current/imp for additional duty test according to 7.4.2.5 or
t/oc for Class III operating duty test according to 7.4.2.6
Figure 3 - Example of test setup for operating duty test
7.4.2.3
Power source characteristics for the operating duty test
The test sample shall be connected to a power source described in 7.2.3.2. as follows:
•
DC1 or PV1 if the SPDs has a follow current of 5 A or less.
•
PV2 if the SPD has a follow current above 5 A.
7.4.2.4
Class I and II operating duty tests
Three groups of five current impulses 8/20 shall be applied with the same polarity as the
power source. The test samples are connected to a power source according to 7.2.3. and
7.4.2.3.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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After the application of each group of impulses, and after the interruption of the last follow
current (if any), the SPD shall remain energized without interruption for at least 1 min to check
for re-ignition. After the last group of impulses and the 1 min period, the SPD either remains
applied or is reapplied within less than 30 s to UCPV for another 15 min to check for stability.
For that purpose, the short-circuit capability of the power source (at C/CPV) may be reduced to
5 A.
The tests sequence is shown in Figure 4.
When testing SPDs to class I, 8/20 current impulses with a crest corresponding to/imp shall
be applied.
When testing SPDs to class II, 8/20 current impulses with /n shall be applied.
If an SPD is classified for test class I and test class II this test may be performed only once,
but with the most severe set of parameters of both test classes, subject to agreement by the
manufacturer.
Surge current
Operating duty test
impulses
Figure 4 - Operating duty test timing diagram for test classes I and II
The interval between the impulses is 50 s to 60 s, the interval between the groups is 30 min to
35 min. It is not required that the test sample is energized between the groups.
All current impulses shall be recorded and the current records shall show no sign of puncture
or flashover of the samples.
7.4.2.5
Additional duty test for test class I
This test is carried out with current impulses in steps up to I imp passing through the SPD.
The SPD shall be connected to a power source in accordance with 7.2.3.2. After the
application of each impulse, and after interruption of each follow current (if any), the SPD
shall remain energized without interruption for at least 1 min to check for re-ignition. After that
period, the SPD either remains applied or is reapplied within less than 30 s to UCPV for
another 15 min to check for stability. For that purpose, the short-circuit capability of the power
source may be reduce to 5A.
Current impulses with the same polarity as the applied power source shall be applied to the
energized test sample as follows:
a) one current impulse at 0,1 / imp; check thermal stability; cool down to ambient temperature;
b) one current impulse at 0,25/imp; check thermal stability; cool down to ambient
temperature;
c) one current impulse at 0,5 /imp; check thermal stability; cool down to ambient temperature;
d) one current impulse at 0,75/imp; check thermal stability; cool down to ambient
temperature;
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
å) one current impulse at 1,0 /imp; check thermal stability; cool down to ambient temperature.
The timing diagram is shown in Figure 5.
Additional duty test for test class I
powered at C/c pv during and after each impulse current
shot
0,7' /imp 1,0 /irrfc
0,1 /imp
0,25 /imp 0,!
I_______
5 /imp
[/CPV
5A |
[/CPV
5A
[/CPV
5A
[/CPV
5A
[/CPV
5A
15 min 15 min 15 min
15 min 15 min
IEC
Figure 5 - Additional duty test timing diagram for test class I
7.4.2.6
Class III operating duty tests
The SPD shall be energized at U CPV. The prospective short-circuit current of the power
source shall comply with 7.2.3.1 and 7.4.2.3 during the application of groups of impulses.
After the application of each group of impulses, and after the interruption of the last follow
current (if any), the SPD shall remain energized without interruption for at least 1 min to check
for re-ignition. After the last group of impulses and the 1 min period, the SPD either remains
applied or is reapplied within less than 30 s to UCPV for another 15 min to check for stability.
For that purpose, the short-circuit capability of the power source (at //CPV) may be reduced to
5A.
The SPD is tested with three groups of five positive impulses corresponding to U ÎÑ:
The timing diagram is shown in Figure 6.
Combination
wave impulses
Operating duty test
Figure 6 - Operating duty test timing diagram for test class III
The interval between the impulses is 50 s to 60 s, the interval between the groups is 30 min to
35 min.
It is not required that the test sample is energized between the groups.
All current impulses shall be recorded and the current records shall show no sign of puncture
or flashover of the samples.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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7.4.2.7
Pass criteria for all operating duty tests and for the additional duty test for
test class I
The pass criteria À, Â, C, D, E, F, G and M according to Table 5 shall apply.
7.4.3
Disconnectors and safety performance of overstressed SPDs
7.4.3.1
Temperature withstand test
The SPD is kept in a heated cabinet at an ambient temperature of 80 °Ñ ± 5 Ê for 24 h.
The pass criteria C and G according to Table 5 shall apply.
7.4.3.2
Thermal stability
7.4.3.2.1
Test settings
This test procedure addresses two different designs:
•
SPDs containing only voltage-limiting components, procedure a) applies.
•
SPDs containing both voltage-limiting and voltage-switching components in series,
procedure b) applies.
7.4.3.2.2
Sample preparation
For SPDs with non-linear protective components connected in parallel, this test shall be
performed on every single current path of the SPD having a separate and independent acting
disconnector section, by disconnecting/interrupting all the remaining current paths. If
components of the same type and parameters are connected in parallel, and identical parts
and construction are used for every single disconnector section belonging to each of these
components, testing of any three of these identical current paths may fulfil the 3 sample
requirement.
Any voltage-switching component within the current path under test, which is connected in
series with a voltage-limiting component, shall be short-circuited by a copper wire or dummy
with a diameter such that it does not melt during the test.
The manufacturer shall provide samples prepared according to the above requirements.
a) Test procedure for SPDs having only voltage-limiting components
The test samples shall be connected to a conditioning linear DC power source.
The voltage shall be high enough to allow a current to flow through the SPD. For this test, the
current is set to a constant value. The tolerance for the test current is ±10 %. The test is
started at a value of 2 mA DC for the first sample, or at t/CPV, if the leakage current at t/CPV
does already exceed 2 mA DC
This value of current is then increased in steps of either 2 mA or 5 % of the previously
adjusted test current, whichever is greater.
For the other two samples, the starting point shall be changed from 2 mA to a current
corresponding to 5 steps below the current value at which the first sample disconnected.
Each step is maintained until thermal equilibrium is reached (i.e. variation of temperature at
the hottest spot less than 2 Ê within 10 min).
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
The outer surface temperature on the hottest spot of the housing of the SPD (for accessible
SPDs only) and the current through the SPD are monitored continuously.
The hottest spot of the SPD may be determined by an initial test or alternatively many points
may be monitored in order to determine the hottest spot.
This test is terminated when all non-linear components under test are disconnected. The
voltage shall not be increased further in order to avoid any malfunction of disconnectors.
In case of doubt that all non-linear components are disconnected a visual inspection shall be
performed.
NOTE 1 Cracking of components alone is not considered as disconnection.
If the voltage across the SPD falls 10 % below C/CPV during the test, the test sample is
disconnected from the conditioning supply and connected to a high current DC power supply
at t/CPV having a short-circuit current rating as declared by the manufacturer up to a
maximum of 5 kA. The transition from the sensing of the voltage decrease to the connection
of the test sample to the high current DC power source shall not exceed 100 ms. The sample
shall remain connected to the high current DC supply for a duration of 15 min.
NOTE 2 The characteristics of the conditioning power supply have to be such that when a sudden increase in
current demand occurs due to a failure of a voltage-limiting component, the output voltage collapses below a value
of t/CPV.
b) Test procedure for SPDs having a voltage-switching component in series with other
components
The SPD is energized with a high current linear DC power source at t/CPV having a short-
circuit current capability which will not limit the current before any disconnector operates. The
maximum available current value shall not exceed the short-circuit current rating declared by
the manufacturer.
If no significant current flows, test procedure a) shall be followed.
NOTE 3 The usage of “no significant current” infers that the SPD has not entered its onset of conduction
transition (i.e. SPD remains thermally stable).
7.4.3.2.3
Pass criteria
The pass criteria Ñ, I and M according to Table 5 shall apply. Additionally apply pass criteria
H and J for SPDs classified according to - (with OCFM) and pass criteria P and Q for SPDs
classified according to - (with SCFM) shall apply.
In addition, for indoor SPDs, the surface temperature rise shall not exceed 120 Ê during and
after the test. Five min after disconnection of all non-linear components under test, the
surface temperature rise shall not exceed 80 K.
7.4.4 SPD failure mode behaviour test
7.4.4.1
Sample preparation
7.4.4.1.1
General
The manufacturer shall provide samples prepared in the following manner for those
components connected between any of the modes of protection: + to -, - to PE, or + to PE.
7.4.4.1.2
General:
When the SPD has only one voltage-limiting component, or more than one connected in
series, all of these shall be replaced with components of the same type but with the value
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-39-
C/1mA equal to 50 % - 60 % of the original. All other characteristics of the replacement
components, e.g. surge ratings, dimensions, shall be the same except those related to the
choice of the U 1mA voltage. Other parts of the SPD, e.g. disconnectors, terminals,
interconnections etc. shall remain unchanged.
7.4.4.1.3
Alternative 1:
When the SPD has 2 identical voltage-limiting components in series, one of these shall be
replaced by an appropriate copper block (see Figure 7).
A separate batch of three samples is required for each prospective current setup. If the
voltage-limiting components within the mode of protection under test including their internal
connections and their cross-section area and surrounding material (e.g. resins) and packaging
are not identical, the test shall be repeated by short-circuiting one of the other voltage-limiting
components.
1
Keys:
1-2:
connection point to tested protection mode
A:
Disconnector if present
B:
Series Voltage-limiting device e.g. MOV
C:
Unmodified SPD
D:
Short-circuit
Figure 7 - Example of sample preparation for SPD failure mode behaviour test
7.4.4.1.4
Alternative 2:
Use an unmodified sample but energized with a test voltage as specified in 7.4.4.2.1 or
7.4.4.3.1 equal to 2 times t/CPV/1,2 or even higher if agreed by the manufacturer.
7.4.4.2
Test for SPDs with a declared OCFM
7.4.4.2.1
Test setup and test procedure
The SPD itself and its disconnectors, if specified by the manufacturer, shall be mounted
according to manufacturer’s instructions and be connected with conductors of the highest
cross-sectional area according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
The SPD shall be connected to a power source in accordance with 7.2.3. The test shall be
performed for each of the following prospective short-circuit currents.
If test source PV4 is used:
•
7SCPV (0/+5 %);
*
10 A (0/+5 %), but only if 7SCPV is higher than 10 A.
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
If test source DC 3 is used:
•
2,7 times /SCPV (0/+5 %);
•
/SCPV (0/+5 %);
•
10 A (0/+5 %), but only if /SCPV is higher than 10 A.
When using power source DC3 for the test with a prospective short-circuit current equal to
2,7 times /SCPV, a fuse shall be connected in series with the sample under test for detection
purposes. This fuse shall have an l2t melting integral value not higher than a fuse with gPV
characteristic and rated current equal to/SCPV. The SPD manufacturer may provide
information on the lower value of the fuse.
NOTE See IEC 60269-6 regarding the gPV fuse characteristics.
For SPDs not satisfying the time criteria of acceptance the test may be repeated with an
increased test voltage. If the time criteria of acceptance are again not satisfied this procedure
may be repeated.
In addition, a trigger voltage generated by an impulse voltage generator described in 8.1.3 of
IEC 61643-11:2011 and high enough to put any series connected switching component into a
conductive state is applied to the actual mode of protection under test.
If the switching component does not maintain a conductive state, the test may be repeated
with one of the following options:
•
short-circuit the switching component, or
•
use a voltage-limiting component with lower C/1 mA, or
•
increase the test voltage.
7.4.4.2.2
Pass criteria
The current of the source shall be interrupted by an internal or external SPD disconnector:
•
in less than 60 s when PV4 with /SCPV or DC3 with 2,7 times /SCPV is applied. During the
tests when DC3 with 2,7 times/SCPV is applied, the fuse for detection shall not operate;
•
in less than 5 min when DC3 with a prospective short-circuit current of equal to /SCPV is
applied;
•
in less than 20 min when PV4 or DC3 with a prospective short-circuit current of 10 A is
applied.
The pass criteria Ñ, H, I, J, L and M according to Table 5 shall apply.
7.4.4.3 Test for SPDs with a declared SCFM
7.4.4.3.1
Test setup and test procedure
The SPD shall be mounted according to manufacturer’s instructions and be connected with
conductors of the highest cross-sectional area according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
The SPD shall be connected to a power source in accordance with 7.2.3. The test shall be
performed for each of the following prospective short-circuit currents.
Test source PV4 shall be used:
•
/SCPV (0/+5 %);
•
10 A (0/+5 %), but only if /SCPV is higher than 10 A.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-41 -
For SPDs not satisfying the time criteria of acceptance the test may be repeated with an
increased test voltage. If the time criteria of acceptance are again not satisfied this procedure
may be repeated.
In addition, a trigger voltage generated by an impulse voltage generator described in 8.1.3 of
IEC 61643-11:2011 and high enough to put any series connected switching component into a
conductive state is applied to the actual mode of protection under test.
If the switching component does not maintain a conductive state, the test may be repeated
with one of the following options:
•
use a voltage limiting component with lower C/1 mA, or
•
increase the test voltage.
7.4.4.3.2
Pass criteria
For SPDs for which the manufacturer declares short-circuit mode as SPD failure mode status
this mode shall be reached:
In less than 60 s during the test when PV 4 with a prospective short-circuit current of/SCPV is
applied;
in less than 20 min when PV4 with a prospective short-circuit current of 10 A is applied.
The pass criteria Ñ, I, M, L , P and Q according to Table 5 shall apply.
7.4.5
Dielectric withstand
7.4.5.1
General
SPDs classified for outdoor use are tested between the terminals with the internal parts
removed. During this test the SPD is subjected to sprinkling according to 9.1 of
IEC 60060-1:2010.
SPDs category indoor are tested as indicated in a) and b) in 8.3.6 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
SPDs are tested with a DC voltage according to Table 8. Starting with not more than half the
required DC voltage, this voltage is increased to the full value within 30 s which is maintained
for 1 min.
Table 8 - Dielectric withstand
SPD continuous operating voltage
V
DC test voltage
kV
6Cpv <100
1,1
100^CPV<20°
1,7
200 - U CPV< 450
2,2
450 - U CPV< 600
3,3
600 <C/cpv< 1200
4,2
1200<t/Cpv< 1500
5,8
7.4.5.2
Pass criteria
Arcing or puncturing shall not occur, however, partial discharges are accepted if the voltage
change during the discharge is less than 5 %.
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
The power source used for testing shall be designed in such a way that, after having been
adjusted to the test voltage at its open terminals, it will generate a short-circuit current of at
least 200 mA after short-circuiting the terminals. An overcurrent relay, if any, shall only react
if the test circuit current exceeds 100 mA. The device for measuring the test voltage shall
have a precision of ± 3 %.
7.4.6
Continuous current/CPV
7.4.6.1
General
Measurements shall be taken by applying a DC power source at t/CPV between + and -
terminals of the SPD.
The DC currents flowing (excluding ripple current) through the + and - terminals shall be
recorded.
7.4.6.2
Pass criteria
The measured continuous current consumption values shall not exceed the values declared
by the manufacturer according to 6.1.1.
7.5 Mechanical tests
7.5.1
Verification of air clearances and creepage distances
SPDs for domestic and similar applications shall be designed for pollution degree 2.
SPDs for more stringent environmental applications may require special precautions, e.g. an
appropriate SPD housing or an additional enclosure, which will ensure pollution degree 2 for
the SPDs.
NOTE SPD-housings without ventilation openings are considered to provide adequate protection to limit the
pollution sufficiently to allow the application of pollution degree 2 requirements to internal creepage distances.
For SPDs for outdoor, and out of reach applications, pollution degree 4 applies. This may be
reduced to pollution degree 3 for internal distances, if they are covered by an adequate
housing ensuring pollution degree 3 conditions.
The electrode spacing of spark gaps shall not be considered for the determination of air
clearances and creepage distances.
7.5.2
Pass criteria
The air clearances and creepage distances shall not be smaller than the values indicated in
Table 9 and Table 10 and shall be applied to items 1), 2) and 3) according to Table 9, the
material classification of Table 11 being previously applied to the relevant parts of the SPD as
an input parameter for Table 10.
NOTE For altitudes exceeding 2000 m refer to IEC 60664-1, Table F.2, and use t/max as input parameter to the
columns for Case A - inhomogeneous field conditions, to determine the required clearances. But in any case the
minimum requirements according to Table 9 of this standard apply for mechanical reasons.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-43-
Table 9 - Air clearances for SPDs
è
max
< 2 000 V a
< 4 000 V
> 4 000 V
up to 6 000 V
> 6 000 V up
to 8 000 V
Air clearances in millimetres
1) Between live parts of different polarity
1,5
3
5,5
8
2) Between live parts and
- Screws and other means to fasten a
covering, having to be detached for
mounting the SPD,
1,5
3
5,5
8
- Fastening surfaces (NOTE 2)
3
6
11
16
- Screws or other means for fastening the
SPD (NOTE 2),
3
6
11
16
- Bodies (NOTES 1 and 2).
1,5
3
5,5
8
3) Between the metal parts of the disconnector
mechanism and
-Bodies (NOTE 1),
1,5
3
5,5
8
- Screws or other means for fastening the
SPD.
1,5
3
5,5
8
NOTE 1 For definition of body, see Subclause 8.3.6 a) of IEC 61643-11:2011.
NOTE 2 If clearances between live parts of the device and the metallic screen or the surface on which the SPD
is mounted are dependent on the design of the SPD only and cannot be reduced when the SPD is mounted in
the least favourable position (even in a metallic enclosure), the values of line 1) are sufficient.
a This column is only applicable for SPDs having a U Iqyj^r than or equal to 180 V.
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
Table 10 - Creepage distances for SPDs
DC
voltage
V
Minimum creepage distances in millimetres
Printed wiring
material
Pollution degree
Pollution degree
1
2
1
2
3
All
material
groups
All
material
groups,
except
lllb
All
material
groups
Material group a
Material group a
I
II
III
I
II
IIId
10
0,025
0,04
0,08
0,4
0,4
0,4
1
1
1
12,5
0,025
0,04
0,09
0,42
4,42
4,42
1,0
1,05
1,05
16
0,025
0,04
0,1
0,45
0,45
0,45
1,1
1,1
1,1
20
0,025
0,04
0,11
0,48
0,48
0,48
1,2
1,2
1,2
25
0,025
0,04
0,125
0,5
0,5
0,5
1,2
1,25
1,25
32
0,025
0,04
0,14
0,53
0,53
0,53
1,3
1,3
1,3
40
0,025
0,04
0,16
0,56
0,8
1,1
1,4
1,6
1,8
50
0,025
0,04
0,18
0,6
0,85
1,2
1,5
1,7
1,9
63
0,04
0,063
0,2
0,63
0,9
1,25
1,6
1,8
2
80
0,063
0,1
0,22
0,67
0,95
1,3
1,7
1,9
2,1
100
0,1
0,16
0,25
0,71
1
1,4
1,8
2
2,2
125
0,16
0,25
0,28
0,75
1,05
1,5
1,9
2,1
2,4
160
0,25
0,4
0,32
0,8
1,1
1,6
2
2,2
2,5
200
0,4
0,63
0,42
1
1,4
2
2,5
2,8
3,2
250
0,56
1
0,56
1,25
1,8
2,5
3,2
3,6
4
320
0,75
1,6
0,75
1,6
2,2
3,2
4
4,5
5
400
1
2
1
2
2,8
4
5
5,6
6,3
500
1,3
2,5
1,3
2,5
3,6
5
6,3
7,1
8
630
1,8
3,2
1,8
3,2
4,5
6,3
8
9
10
800
2,4
4
2,4
4
5,6
8
10
11
12,5
1 000
3,2
5
3,2
5
7,1
10
12,5
14
16
1 250
-
-
4,2
6,3
9,0
12,5
16,0
18
20,0
1 600
-
-
5,6
8,0
11,0
16,0
20,0
22,0
25,0
If the actual voltage differs from the values given in the table, it is allowed to interpolate values for intermediate
voltages. When interpolating, linear interpolation should be used and values shall be rounded to the same
number of digits than the values picked from the table.
For further information on material groups refer to Table 11.
b This voltage is:
-
for functional insulation, the working voltage,
-
for basic and supplementary insulation of the circuit energized directly from the supply mains, the voltage
rationalized through Table F.3a of IEC 60664-1:2011, based on the rated voltage of the equipment, or the
rated insulation voltage,
-
for basic and supplementary insulation of systems, equipment and internal circuits not energized directly
from the mains, the highest voltage which can occur in the system, equipment or internal circuit when
supplied at rated voltage and under the most onerous combination of conditions of operation within
equipment rating.
c For the main protection circuit, this column refers to U CPV
d Material IIlb shall not be used for application in pollution degree 3 above 630 V.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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Table 11 - Relationship between material groups and classifications
Material group I
600 < CTI
Material group II
400 < CTI < 600
Material group Illa
175 < CTI <400
Material group lllb
100 < CTI < 175
NOTE Relationship between material groups and classifications is according to
IEC 60112 (CTI values, using solution A).
The measurements are carried out without conductors as well as with conductors of the
greatest cross-sectional area indicated by the manufacturer. Nuts and screws with
out-of-round heads are assumed to be in the least favourable tightening position.
If there is a partition, the air clearance is measured across the partition; where the partition
consists of two parts which are not joined together, the air clearance is measured through the
separating gap. Distances due to slits or holes in outer parts out of isolating material are
measured against a metal foil on the touchable surface: for this purpose the foil is not pressed
into the holes, but it shall be pushed into corners and similar by means of the test finger
according to IEC 60529.
In the case that there is a cavity in the course of the creepage distance, its profile is only
considered if it is at least 1 mm wide; cavities smaller than 1 mm are only considered in their
width.
In the case that there is a partition made out of two parts which are not glued together, the
creepage distance is measured through the separating gap. If the air gap between a live part
and a partition with fitting surfaces is smaller than 1 mm, only the distance through the
separating surface is considered, which is then looked upon as creepage distance. If not, the
whole distance, namely the sum out of air gap and the distance through the separating
surface, is taken as air clearance. If metal parts are covered with self-hardening resin of a
least 2 mm thickness, or if they are covered with an insulation, withstanding a test voltage
according to 7.4.5, creepage distances and air clearances are not necessary.
Casting material or resin shall not come over the rim of the cavity, it shall adhere to the walls
of the cavity and the metal parts in it.
This is tested by examination and attempting to detach the casting material or resin without
use of a tool.
7.6
Environmental and material tests
7.6.1
Life test under damp heat
The test is carried out according to IEC 60068-2-78 and is applied to each mode of protection
of the sample.
The samples are then placed in a climatic chamber for 500 h (± 1 h), adjusted to a
temperature of 40 °Ñ ± 2 K, and with a relative humidity of 93 % (± 3 %). Each mode of
protection is connected to a test source having a prospective short-circuit current of at least
100 mA and adjusted to a DC voltage of UCPV during the complete test.
7.6.2
Pass criteria
One hour ± 10 min after removal of the samples from the climatic chamber, the pass criteria
Ñ, E and G according to Table 5 shall apply.
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
7.7
Additional tests for specific SPD designs
7.7.1
Test for one-port SPDs with separate input/output terminals
7.7.1.1
Rated load current (IL)
The SPD shall be energized at a voltage C/CPV +0/-5 % at ambient temperature, using a cable
with a nominal cross-section as specified in Table 12. The test shall be conducted with rated
load current into a resistive load until thermal stability is reached. Additional cooling of the
SPD is not permitted.
Table 12 - Test conductors for rated load current test
Test current [A]
Greater than
0
8
12
15
20
25
32
50
65
85
100
115
130
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
Less or equal
than
8
12
15
20
25
32
50
65
85
100
115
130
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
Cross
section
[mmf
1,0
1,5
2,5
2,5
4,0
6,0
10
16
25
35
35
50
50
70
95
95
120
150
185
185
240
Cross
Section
AWG
17
16
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
1/0
1/0
2/0
3/0
3/0
4/0
300ÌÑÌ
350ÌÑÌ
350ÌÑÌ
500ÌÑÌ
If other standardized cross-sections are used in specific countries, the next closest cross-section should be used for testing.
7.7.1.2
Pass criteria
The pass criteria C, F and G according to Table 5 and the following additional pass criteria
shall apply.
During the test, the temperature rise of surfaces, which are accessible in normal use, shall not
exceed the values given in Annex G of IEC 61643-11:2011.
7.7.2
Environmental tests for outdoor SPDs
See Annex F of IEC 61643-11:2011. Application of these tests or other appropriate test
procedures is subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
7.7.3
SPDs with separate isolated circuits
The insulation resistance between the main circuits and separate isolated circuits shall be
tested in accordance with Subclause 8.3.6 of IEC 61643-11:2011.
The dielectric withstand between the main circuits and separate isolated circuits shall be
tested in accordance with:
•
7.4.5 if the separate circuits are rated for DC and I or
•
Subclause 8.3.7 of IEC 61643-11:2011 if the separate circuits are rated for AC.
8
Routine and acceptance tests
8.1
Routine tests
Appropriate test(s) are performed during manufacturing production to verify that the SPD is
capable of meeting its performance. The manufacturer shall declare the test method(s).
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-47-
8.2
Acceptance tests
Acceptance tests are made on agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. When the
purchaser specifies acceptance tests in the purchase agreement, the following tests shall be
made on the nearest lower whole number to the cube root of the number of SPDs to be
supplied. Any alteration in the number of test samples or type of test shall be negotiated
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
Unless otherwise specified, the following acceptance tests shall be performed:
-
verification of identification in accordance with 6.1.1;
-
verification of markings by inspection in accordance with 6.1.2.
-
verification of electrical parameters by relevant clause (e.g. measured limiting voltage, in
accordance with Subclause 8.3.3 of IEC 61643-11:2011).
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
Annex A
(normative)
Tests to determine the presence of a voltage-switching component
and the magnitude of the follow current of an SPD
A.1 General
These tests are performed by the manufacturer to provide the information required in
accordance with 6.1.1 1) and / or 6.1.1 2) and 7.2.3.2.
A.2 Test to determine the presence of a voltage-switching component
This test has to be performed only if the internal design of the SPD is not known. A new
sample shall be used for this test.
The standard 8/20 current impulse is used for class I and class II tests of SPDs with a crest
value according to/n or/imp as declared by the manufacturer. For class III test of an SPD, a
combination wave generator shall be used with an open-circuit voltage equal to the UOC
declared by the manufacturer.
One impulse shall be applied to the SPD. Oscillographic record of the voltage across the SPD
shall be taken.
If the waveshape of the recorded voltage shows a sudden collapse, the SPD is considered as
containing a switching (crowbar) component.
A.3 Test to determine the magnitude of the follow current
This test is intended to determine if the crest value of the follow current is above or below 5A.
If the internal design and the crest value of the follow current of the SPD are known, this
preliminary test is not required.
a) The test shall be performed on a separate test sample.
b) The type of the power source is a linear DC source.
c) The prospective short-circuit current shall be 100 A (0/+5%). The test circuit shall have an
inductance equal or greater than 100 pH.
d) The voltage measured at the SPD terminals, shall be equal to UCPV î %.
_ 5
e) The follow current shall be initiated with an impulse current 8/20 or a combination wave.
f)
The crest value of the test impulse shall correspond to /n or /imp or UOC.
g) The polarity of the impulse shall coincide with the voltage polarity of the power supply.
h) Measure and record the peak value of the follow current.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
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Annex Â
(informative)
Transient behaviour of the PV test source
B.1 Transient behaviour of the PV test source according to 7.2.3.1
To ensure that the PV-source used during operating duty test and in failure mode test delivers
comparable results, it is necessary to find a procedure for a precise definition of the test
source behaviour.
The transient l/U-Characteristic of a PV-source depends on operating disconnection time fOFF
and is different from that of a linear source with the same open-circuit voltage and
short-circuit current.
B.2 Test setup using a semiconductor switch to determine the transient
behaviour of a PV test source
Figure B.1 shows a test setup to determine the transient behaviour of a PV test source
Figure B.1 - Test setup using an adjustable semiconductor switch
to determine the transient behaviour of a PV test source
The semiconductor switch shall be adjusted in such a way that the PV test source is switched
off within 50 to 100 ps (Figure B.2).
IEC
IEC
Figure B.2 - Time behaviour of voltage and current during disconnection operating time
of a semiconductor switch at a PV-source/SC = 4 A, open-circuit voltage = 640 V
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
Scaling the measured curves of i(t) and u(t) to 100 % allows the definition of a normalized
disconnection time diagram which is independent of the PV-source open-circuit voltage and
ISC (Figure B.3).
Figure B.3 - Semiconductor disconnection behaviour (normalized)
with intersection point i(t) / u(t)
The point of intersection between scaled i(t) and u(t) curves shall be equal or greater than
70 %.
For operating disconnection time ZOFF greater than 50ps the calculated i/u-characteristic of
the PV test source should correspond to the static behaviour ³ = f(u) of the PV test source
(Figure B.4).
120 ‘
IEC
Figure B.4 - l/U-characteristic of the PV test source calculated from
the normalized current and voltage records in Figure B.3
B.3 Alternative test setup using a fuse
Alternative to the test setup in 7.2.3, the test circuit shown in Figure B.5 using a fuse
(PV type) rated 0,1 x/SCPV to determine the characteristic of the PV test source.
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-51 -
%
100
80
60----------------------------------------------------------------' ----------------------------------------
u fuse(t)
40 ³---------------------------------------
³ fuse(t)
20
0 ------------------------------------ .
--------------
140
190
240
290
ocs
IEC
Figure B.6 - Normalized disconnection behaviour during operation of a fuse rated
0,1 x /SCPV at a PV test source with intersection point i(t) and u(t)
The point of intersection between scaled i(t) and u(t) curves shall be equal or greater than
70 %.
For disconnection time ZOFF greater than 50ps the calculated l/U-characteristic of the PV test
source should correspond to the static behaviour ³ = f(u) of the PV test source (Figure B.7).
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²ÅÑ 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
120
IEC
Figure B.7 - l/U-characteristic of the PV test source calculated from
the normalized current and voltage records in Figure B.6
IEC 61643-31:2018 © IEC 2018
-53-
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solid insulating materials
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electrical equipment - Common rules
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